Essay Paper Writing 101

Essay Paper Writing 101There are several types of essay writing. Each one has its own complexities that make it more difficult. One of the most common types of essays is the field essay. This is a type of essay that has to be written in the context of a school or college class.Most students who are looking for an essay to give their professors will do this type of paper. Students just can't handle the constant interruptions from their professors. So they choose to give their professor a paper that requires them to write something, which they don't like to do. They can't sit in the classroom with all of the distractions and at the same time write an essay.But there is a more traditional type of essay that can be given to your professors as well. The content of this type of essay depends on the length of the class. For an average length class, most writers want to give them something that they can easily read. Some topics include history, geography, and foreign language. These topics a re not only easy to read but also can be very interesting and engaging to students.Writing an essay on any topic is much different than writing one on your own. Students will usually require you to present the reasons why your research was necessary to the class. You should always talk about the benefits of your writing, or why the professor should read your paper, even if you are just trying to convince them. This is one of the hardest parts of the assignment.The best way to do this is to use your essay to give an overview of the subject or to make the reader's attention. Use an example or a demonstration that makes the topic look more exciting. Don't waste your reader's time by talking in depth. At the end of the paragraph, give the reader an idea about the quality of the study or presentation. A little information doesn't hurt, and you can always use that information later.At the end of your paper you need to make sure that your reader knows what the purpose of the class is. Make the student take an active role in the class. Ask them what they need to learn more about. Let them know that you will be doing research on their behalf. You want them to work hard to earn their grade, so do your part.Now that you know what to write and how to write it, you should remember that this is your chance to shine. You shouldn't go into this assignment with the expectation that you are going to win an award for your paper. Write for the professor's benefit, not for your own.Remember, it is the professor's job to read theses, papers, and essays every semester. Make your assignment the best you can. If you have trouble coming up with the topic or the problem you're having with the topic make sure to ask your instructor. Most instructors know better than anyone how they would feel about an essay.

Various Considerations for an Initial Public Offering (IPO) - 825 Words

Various Considerations for an Initial Public Offering (IPO) (Research Paper Sample) Content: Various Considerations for an Initial Public Offering (IPO)NameInstitutionIntroductionAn Initial Public Offering is the first-time sale of a companys stock to the public for purposes of raising additional funds to finance expansion and other business-related operations. An IPO is thus an importance debt-free source of funding for business organizations looking to increase their capital base. One of the major advantages of using an IPO to raise capital is the it helps the business to avoid getting into debt by raising funds through borrowing, for example taking bank loans. In addition, an IPO raises the companys level of public reputation and sense of prestige because it becomes better known and more visible compared to private entities. Moreover, an IPO creates wealth for the businesss founders by allowing them to convert the equity of the company into money. Nevertheless, there are a number of considerations that businesses and business owners should make prior to un dertaking an Initial Public Offering. These considerations have to do with the risks, ownership level, and responsibilities associated with publicly traded companies. This essay discusses the various considerations for an Initial Public Offer.Within the context of an IPO, a consideration is the property or services exchanged for stock. For an outsider to become a shareholder of a company and effectively own a piece of it, they must pay something in return with a monetary value.The most common and preferable consideration for an IPO is cash (Schmitz, 2012). The preference for cash results from its flexibility in terms of usage and convenience in terms of providing accurate valuation of a companys stock. For instance, it is more accurate to value a stock in terms of money compared to services, such as using stock options to pay for legal services. It will be difficult to determine with accurate the amount of services that are equivalent to a given number of shares in a business. At th e same time, cash is convenient when the company needs resources to expand its operations as opposed to paying off its debts.Employee compensation is another form of consideration for an IPO when the management wants to offset its wage liability and promote employee loyalty (Schmitz, 2012). Most companies use stock options as rewards and benefits for long-serving employees (Wolff, 2012). This consideration is convenient and less costly when the business does not have the money to pay employees creditors. For instance, an employee who is retiring can be offered shares in place of pension benefits, and this will save the company money and the burden/cost of raising the required amount. The saved money can be reinvested in the business or diverted to other profit-generating ventures. Likewise, a business can pay off its debts through an IPO, and using the saved money for other ventures.Thirdly, businesses can accept property/assets in exchange for shares for the owner of the property ( Thursby, 2016). This is especially preferable when the company can easily and profitably convert the property into cash, or the property is a capital asset that the business can use for its operations. For instance, a real estate development company can give part of its shares in exchange for a prime piece of land, which it either sell or develop.Nevertheless, there are a number of factors to take into account before agreeing to undertake an IPO. The most important factor is the amount of money that a business needs to raise through external funding is important in determining whether an IPO is necessary. This is because a business requiring minimal financing will more conveniently raise the money through short term loans and other credit facilities available to businesses (Bonnie, Thacher Gould, et al., 2017). The amount will depend on the type and nature expansions and operations the management plans to undertake using additional capital. For instance, adding a few distribution c hannels within the existing market is not an expensive undertaking, and accordingly, the business can easily get the required resources through a short term loan or reinvesting of profits, thereby rendering an IPO unnecessary. On the other hand, an IPO will be necessary if the management plans to undertake considerable expansion and reorganization of the...

Why Bowe Bergdahl Should Do Time. The United States Army

WHY BOWE BERGDAHL SHOULD DO TIME THE UNITED STATES ARMY SHOULD PROSECUTE BOWE BERGDAHL TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT OF THE LAW FOR HIS DESERTION AND MISBEHAVIOR. Robert Bowdrie (Bowe) Bergdahl is a United States Army sergeant who left his post in Afghanistan 2009 purposefully and intentionally. The Bowe Bergdahl case is an odd case that sometimes does not make much sense. He will be facing court-martial sometime this year for is desertion and misbehavior. The Uniform Code of Military Justice is very similar to regular law but has some adjustments that pertain to certain military rules and regulations. Bergdahl violated one of the most important rules and the first General Order, these orders are a soldier’s guideline on how to conduct†¦show more content†¦Although some think that is enough to not admit him to any other military service he later joined the Army through the proper channels and with a waiver. Bergdahl actively made the decision to leave his post in Afghanistan in an attempt to raise awareness to the issues he was having with his unit. His plan was to leave from his duty station and make a long hike to another base in the region, causing what is known as a DUSTWUN (duty status whereabouts unknown) and that this action might bring attention to his situation by alerting higher command. There is no proof of how he was actually captured, Bergdahl mailed many of his belongings home and sent final emails to his father before his departure. From my personal experience while deployed to Afghanistan from 2011-2012 I can say it is very rough to put it simply, the thought of leaving your post and wanting to get away from it all is a regular occurrence, but when you are in that tower or driving on a convoy or whatever it is that you are doing and you look out into the nothingness it hits you very quickly and you realize the radical impracticality of it all, you understand through your training that there is literally no way that you would be able to accomplish getting away from whatever you wish you could. Bowe’s story of why he did leave his post is strange there are many sources of whichShow MoreRelatedThe Military Of The Army Today1283 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract In the Army today, we have dealt with many difficult complex challenges that put our nation in a difficult situation with the rest of the world and our troops. As American soldiers we are accountable for meeting certain standards and expectations in most of every mission we are given to accomplish. Desertion in our military takes away our motivation, inspiration Army values, beliefs expressed in code and creed, and is embedded within our unique Army culture for each of us to perform ourRead MoreGuantanamo Bay And Its Effects On The United States2427 Words   |  10 Pagesthe European Union and the Organization of American States(OAS), for alleged human rights violations, including the use of various forms of torture during interrogations. We need to close Guantanamo Bay because it costs a lot of money to keep it open, it is unconstitutional, and we can contain the prisoners in the U.S. At Guantanamo Bay, the prisoners have been getting their rights taken away and beaten daily. In order to fully understand why this is such a big problem, you need to know it’s history

Building Construction - 1694 Words

In building construction and in fire prevention there are organizations that have created a useful system on how to determine what type of building falls under which category. The ICC (International Code Council) and the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) create these building codes for the safety of firefighters. The two most commonly known standards for building classifications are the NFPA 5000 and also the International Building Code (IBC). The two are very similar, however, they different on sub-categorizing. The International Building Code uses Roman numerals behind the type of construction. In addition to subcategories with letters for each five classes and the amount of fire resistance provided for each building. NFPA†¦show more content†¦This type of construction took heavier beams and spaced them further apart. In addition, it didn’t use plywood or OSB board for sub-flooring. Instead it used thick tongue and grooved planks. This type of constructio n created a lot of open headspace in the kitchen, living rooms, dining rooms, and family rooms. This was an improvement in construction types for firefighters because interior fires can be easily contained. However, because of interior finishes, flame spread would be a serious problem. This structure design also poses another fire hazard which claims firefighter lives every years, which is roof collapsing. Truss Frame construction is known to be the most common and most often used type of construction today because it is cost effective. This construction type was first thought to be safe and durable, but under fire condition it poses a different kind of factor. Truss frame construction is made of lightweight woods that create triangles for support. Inside of the main triangle or parallel chords are links called Webbings that provided extra support. These triangles, parallel chords, and links are all held together but metal plates called gusset plates. This type of construction is a serious problem to fire fighters because of all the materials used. The lightweight wood material is easily ignited during fires and the metal gusset plates are nothing moreShow MoreRelatedBuilding Construction11374 Words   |  46 Pages(4) Building construction is a complex, significant, and rewarding process. It begins with an idea and culminates in a structure that may serve its occupants for several decades, even centuries. Like the manufacturing of products, building construction requires an ordered and planned assembly of materials. It is, however, far more complicated than product manufacturing. Buildings are assembled outdoors on all types of sites and are subject to all kinds of weather. Additionally, even a modest-sizedRead MoreBuildings And Construction Of Asbestos Construction1806 Words   |  8 Pagesbuildings with asbestos construction. There is a risk of respiratory diseases from inhaling dust and fumes, this can lead to fatal disease for employees, quite often these types of claims are latent where the health issue is not discovered under some time after the contact. .Moving Machinery - Construction sites can become hectic with moving vehicles, machinery and lifting equipment often manoeuvring around a usually uneven ground. With large amounts of moving plant on site employees are at riskRead MoreThe Building And Construction Industry6387 Words   |  26 Pages Industry professionals The building and construction industry is a wide industry that encompasses many professionals. No one person does all the work from start to finish, many people are involved in teams that contribute to each stage of the works until completion. Material taken from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering Geotechnical engineers: Geotechnical engineering uses principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to investigate subsurface conditions and materials;Read MoreBuilding Construction Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesIn building construction and in fire prevention there are organizations that have created a useful system on how to determine what type of building falls under which category. The ICC (International Code Council) and the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) create these building codes for the safety of firefighters. The two most commonly known standards for building classifications are the NFPA 5000 and also the International Building Code (IBC). The two are very similar, however, they differentRead MoreBuilding Construction And Its Effect On The Environment1444 Words   |  6 Pagesforest standard. Throughout the building cycle, it’s a useful thing to produce a lot with very little waste. 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The main problem with lightweight construction is the decreasedRead MoreDesigning A Building Construction Project1281 Words   |  6 PagesControl in a Building Construction Project Introduction Fundamentally, construction projects can be viewed as grouped collections of information and data that require convenient and appropriate storage, organization and distribution to those needing them. Configuration control comes across as a means of signifying changes between the updated and previous version of prints and drawings. In the current paper, I will reflect on the importance of configu ration control in a construction project. ConfigurationRead MoreThe Building And Construction Industry Improvement894 Words   |  4 Pages20 March 2012, the Building and Construction Industry Improvement (BCII) Act of the Australian Government was replaced by the Fair Work Bill (FWBI) 2012 which was implemented on 1 June 2012 (FWBC, 2012a). It was regarded as bill for ‘Transition to Fair Work Australia for the Building and Construction Industry’. The bill is intended towards: †¢ offering education, aid and suggestions to building industry participants; †¢ checking observance towards the Building Code and building regulations; †¢ undertakingRead MoreConstruction of the Empire State Building3610 Words   |  15 PagesProject Part II Construction of the Empire State Building | PM 595 | [Type the author name] | 10/9/2011 | | Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Sources of Construction Project Risks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Timeline Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦ 3 Cost Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦4 Design Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.5 Force majeure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....5 Systems to address construction project risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Read MoreProblems Associated With The Building And Construction Commission892 Words   |  4 PagesDespite various construction acts, regulations, standards, codes, licensing regimes, other management approaches such as quality management, risk management, defect management building are still handed with defects. It is evident from Queensland Building and Construction Commission (2015a) annual report that in 2014/15 alone received 4,793 complaints about defective work. There are many other defects that are seen to occur during the construction process, which gets rectified before the practical

New Organizational Structure of Toyota Motor Corporation Case Study

Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of Effectiveness of New Organizational Structure of Toyota Motor Corporation. Answer: Introduction Toyota Motors Corporation is a multinational organization manufacturing automobiles. The corporation has its headquarters in Japan and operates business units across the world. The organization has grown to be a leading manufacturer in the automobile industry (Gregory, 2015). To survive the change in the industry for the past over 75 year, the company has implemented several changes in the organization to enhance growth, development and dominance of it automobile brand of Toyota (Toyota-global.com, 2016). This paper analysis the effectiveness of Toyota Corporation management to adopt the new organizational structure using Lewins unfreezing change refreeze model. The paper will include the change drivers, strategies used and the management of resistance together with organizational culture among employees of the organization. Background Context The Corporation has for long time used the traditional hierarchy organizational structure to manage it businesses. This bureaucratic method had been centralized the businesses decisions to the corporations headquarters in Japan. It required that decisions be done from headquarter then channeled down to the business units around the world. It denied business units from making tailored decisions that were necessary for the specific unit operations. The business units were also not able to share ideas with one another. This organizational structure led to processes that did not add value the Corporation in the current world of business (Gregory, 2015). It did not encourage innovations and adoption of technology making the corporation less competitive. The change in the organizational structure started in 2000. This was as a result of business expansion that led to diverse employees around the world. It started by instituting flattening personnel organization model (Sako, 2004). This has enhanced sharing among employees in the organization that has promoted innovation in the business units and the corporation in general. In 2011, the company outlined a new Toyota global Vision. For the achieved of the vision, the company found it important to adjust and implement a new organizational structure (Toyota-global.com, 2016). This structure has been discussed and analyzed in the paper. Characteristics of the Toyota New Organizational Structure The company has had a division organizational chart. This structure has been reorganized to have the following features; Global hierarchy: This feature ensures that the corporation maintains it top leadership from the headquarters. Despite maintaining this feature, the organization has increased powers of managers in other levels to make decision. Regional and businesses unit managers were allowed to make decisions and report directly to head office in Japan. Geographical divisions: the new organizational structure has outlined eight divisions. These regions operate independently and report to headquarter. This feature enables the regions to improve on the products and service as per the requirements of the region. Product based divisions: The new organizational structure recognizes four product based division for the company. The characteristic is meant to enhance brand developments of the Toyota product. It also offers support for product line development. Lewins Organizational Change Model in Toyota Motors Corporation This theoretical model helps managers implement change in their organizations effectively. It outlines the critical stages and strategies to be employed to reduce resistance, doubts and uncertainties from employees in the organization. The model involves three stages; unfreezing, change and refreezing of change in an organization. They are discussed below; Unfreezing Stage This is the first step of implementing change. It involves breaking of the existing culture and status in the organization that new can be created. It also involves the top management communicating and making it clear the objective and benefits of the change. Effective handling of this stage reduces resistance from the employees of the organization (Senior and Fleming, 2006). In this case of Toyota Motors, the top management has to be involved in communicating to juniors the need for adopting the new organizational structure. The aim of the Toyota organizational change is to adopt a structure that decentralizes decision made to allow achievements of it vision of creating products that are earth friendly and sustainable growth. Change Is the second stage and involves the implementation of the planned change. The way of doing things is adopted in this stage. The new actions are seen by employees happening in this stage. The employees are addressed how the change is going to benefit them. In this case of Toyota Motors, Decisions are encouraged to be done on the site. Regional and business unit managers make decisions by using the information on the site. This will show the managers and employees how fast, convenience and reliable the decisions made on the site are rather than waiting for decisions to be made from headquarters. Refreezing This is the third and last stage of managing change. It involves stabilizing implemented change. This stand involves strategies that motivate junior managers and employees to embrace and practice change. For the intended change in Toyota motor Corporation, this stage will involve strategies that promote junior managers to adopt making decisions and constantly reviewing decisions to facilitate the effectiveness of the change. The senior management can design rewards that can act as incentives for the junior managers to practice change implemented. Change Drivers The change and reorganization of the Toyota Motor Corporation organizational structure have been driven by the following; Need to capture and convey consumer opinion: There has been increasing need for the company to incorporate customers opinion in their product. This has led to increased need to get the first hand information and be used to make decision in respective regions. Need for quick decisions: Due to the dynamism in the market, there has been a growing need for quick prompt decisions to enhance consistent performance. Centralized decisions were time consuming and were not based on site information. Therefore, need for prompt decision triggered organizational change. Need for increased control: The Corporation has increases in size and need for control to enhance efficiency and effectiveness has increased. This has necessitated constant check by on site management to ensure that the activities are in line with the organizations plans. The review and suggestions of managers on site help manage the business unit and it environment. This ensures that the decisions taken are acceptable to the nearby communities. New communication technologies: The advancement of communicating industry has made it easy for the organization to give assistance to managers in all levels. This has made it convenience for decisions to be made on site with available consultation avenues. Specific Strategies for Implementing Change in Toyota Motors Company They include; Simplifying the board of directors Reducing the executive decision making system New structures to enable local decision making New structures to ensure outside opinion is listened to and used in decision making. Managing Resistance and Culture in the Organizational Change Process of Toyota Company Resistance to change is common when implementing change. It the role of the companys top managers to reduce resistance among junior and employees during the implementation process. Top management should ensure clear communication for effective implementation of change (Senior and Fleming, 2006). They should ensure that the change is supported by the junior and employees. This will make it easy for them to change. The top managers should also work on employees attitudes to avoid negative on job attitudes that can reduce morale in the organization. Organizational changes do change the organizations culture. The new organizational structure adopted by Toyota Motors is changing the bureaucracy culture in the organization and introducing an expert culture where anybody can teach and be taught (Toyota-global.com, 2016). The new culture promotes innovation I the organization allowing and incorporating customers opinion in the products manufactured. Conclusion From the analysis above, the Toyota Motors Corporation organization structure change is a timely crucial change for the company. The change promotes innovation and incorporation of customers opinion in the products that the company is manufacturing. The change also will ensure that the corporation produces products that are earth friendly and enhance sustainability. The effectiveness of the implementation of the organizational change depends on the effectiveness of the top management of the company to apply strategies appropriately to achieve the planned change. Therefore, the change in organizational structure of Toyota Motors will enable the company expand and create products that the customers need. References Floyd, P. (2002). Organizational change. Oxford [England]: Capstone Pub. Gabriel, K. (n.d.). Organizational Development, Organizational Culture and Organizational Change. SSRN Electronic Journal. Gregory, L. (2015). Toyotas Organizational Structure: An Analysis - Panmore Institute. [online] Panmore Institute. Available at: https://panmore.com/toyota-organizational-structure-analysis [Accessed 12 Oct. 2016]. Hermalin, B. (n.d.). Organizational Fixed Costs and Organizational Structure. SSRN Electronic Journal. Ladi, S. (n.d.). Globalization and Europeanization: Analysing Change. SSRN Electronic Journal. Pasmore, W., Woodman, R. and Shani, A. (2010). Research in organizational change and development. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Sako, M. (2004). Supplier development at Honda, Nissan and Toyota: comparative case studies of organizational capability enhancement. Industrial and Corporate Change, 13(2), pp.281-308. Senior, B. and Fleming, J. (2006). Organizational change. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall/Financial Times. Toyota-global.com. (2016). Toyota Motor Corporation Global Website | 75 Years of TOYOTA | Organizational Changes | Last Organizational Chart. [online] Available at: https://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/company_information/management_and_finances/management/organizational/organizational_changes15.html [Accessed 12 Oct. 2016].

The Picture of Dorian Gray as an Imitation of Aestheticism Essay Example

The Picture of Dorian Gray as an Imitation of Aestheticism Paper The Picture of Dorian Gray, the only full-length novel ever written by the legendary playwright Oscar Wilde, is one of the most notorious books of the 19th century. With its overtones of supernaturalism, its refusal to satisfy popular morality, and its portrayal of homoerotic culture, The Picture of Dorian Gray was met with harsh criticism when it wasfirst published in 1890. Many considered the novel dangerously influential, with one offended critic calling it a poisonous book, the atmosphere of which is heavy with the mephitic odors of moral and spiritual putrefaction. Many of the themes and innuendos of homosexuality and moral corruption that Wilde so intricately weaved throughout the book have stirred up countless controversies and scandals. Ultimately, however, although the book seems to be a gothic twisted tale of pain and indifference, as it portrays the decay of the main character, Dorian, into a seedy underworld that is characterized by murder and quite often visits to opium houses, it is really a refinement of aestheticism. Wilde, who was intrinsically involved in the aesthetic movement and is even given credit by Richard Ellman to have been the sole reason for the artistic character of the 1880s (305), wrote the book as a reflection not of the moral decay of the time, but rather of beauty and the influence and importance of art. Ultimately, The Picture of Dorian Gray is perhaps the most comprehensive Aesthetic work of all time managing to portray through its characters, the true wonder of the aesthetic movement. The ways in which aestheticism is so intrinsically reflected throughout The Picture of Dorian Gray can best be recognized by examining the characters and the ways that they react with one another. The Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray is a collection of epigrams that aptly sums up the ideals of the artistic and philosophical movement known as aestheticism. Aestheticism, which found its foot

The Doomed Journey of Panfilo de Narvaez in Florida

The Doomed Journey of Panfilo de Narvaez in Florida Panfilo de Narvaez (1470-1528) was born to an upper-class family in Vallenda, Spain. Although he was older than most Spaniards who sought their fortunes in the New World, he nevertheless was extremely active in the early conquest period. He was an important figure in the conquests of Jamaica and Cuba in the years between 1509 and 1512. He acquired a reputation for ruthlessness; Bartolome de Las Casas, who was a chaplain on the Cuba campaign, recounted horrible tales of massacres and chiefs being burned alive. In Pursuit of Cortes In 1518, the governor of Cuba, Diego Velazquez, had sent the young conquistador Hernan Cortes off to Mexico to begin the conquest of the mainland. Velazquez soon regretted his actions, however, and decided to place someone else in charge. He sent Narvaez, with a large force of more than 1,000 Spanish soldiers, to Mexico to take command of the expedition and send Cortes back to Cuba. Cortes, who was in the process of defeating the Aztec Empire, had to leave the recently subdued capital of Tenochtitlan to return to the coast to fight Narvaez. The Battle of Cempoala On May 28, 1520, the forces of the two conquistadores clashed at Cempoala, near present-day Veracruz, and Cortes won. Many of Narvaez’s soldiers deserted before and after the battle, joining Cortes. Narvaez himself was jailed in the port of Veracruz for the next two years, while Cortes retained control of the expedition and the vast wealth that came with it. A New Expedition Narvaez returned to Spain after being released. Convinced that there were more wealthy empires like the Aztecs to the north, he mounted an expedition that was doomed to become one of the most monumental failures in history. Narvaez got permission from King Charles V of Spain to mount an expedition into Florida. He set sail in April 1527 with five ships and about 600 Spanish soldiers and adventurers. Word of the riches earned by Cortes and his men made finding volunteers easy. In April 1528, the expedition landed in Florida, near present-day Tampa Bay. By then, many of the soldiers had deserted, and only about 300 men remained. Narvaez in Florida Narvaez and his men clumsily made their way inland, attacking every tribe they met. The expedition had brought insufficient supplies and survived by pillaging meager Native American storehouses, which caused violent retaliation. The conditions and lack of food caused many in the company to become ill, and within a few weeks, a third of the members of the expedition were severely incapacitated. The going was tough because Florida was then full of rivers, swamps, and forests. The Spanish were killed and picked off by irate natives, and Narvaez made a series of tactical blunders, including frequently dividing his forces and never seeking allies. The Mission Fails The men were dying, picked off individually and in small groups by native attacks. Supplies had run out, and the expedition had alienated every native tribe it had encountered. With no hope to establish any sort of settlement and with no help coming, Narvaez decided to abort the mission and return to Cuba. He had lost touch with his ships and ordered the construction of four large rafts. The Death of Panfilo de Narvaez It is not known for certain where and when Narvaez died. The last man to see Narvaez alive and tell of it was Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, a junior officer of the expedition. He recounted that in their final conversation, he asked Narvaez for help the men on Narvaezs raft were better fed and stronger than those with Cabeza de Vaca. Narvaez refused, basically saying â€Å"every man for himself,† according to Cabeza de Vaca. The rafts were wrecked in a storm and only 80 men survived the sinking of the rafts; Narvaez was not among them. The Aftermath of the Narvaez Expedition The first major incursion into present-day Florida was a complete fiasco. Of the 300 men who landed with Narvaez, only four ultimately survived. Among them was Cabeza de Vaca, the junior officer who had asked for help but received none. After his raft sunk, Cabeza de Vaca was enslaved by a local tribe for several years somewhere along the Gulf Coast. He managed to escape and meet up with three other survivors, and together the four of them returned overland to Mexico, arriving some eight years after the expedition landed in Florida. The animosity caused by the Narvaez expedition was such that it took the Spanish years to establish a settlement in Florida. Narvaez has gone down in history as one of the most ruthless yet incompetent conquistadors of the colonial era.